Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, particularly in acid-catalyzed processes such as esterification and dehydration. Exhibits good thermal stability and surface acidity, making it suitable for solid acid catalyst applications. Also used in advanced ceramics to enhance strength, high-temperature durability, electrical properties, and thermal conductivity, especially in components for harsh environments like engine combustion chambers or metal industry equipment. Investigated as a precursor in the production of niobium-based electronic ceramics and dielectric materials. Has potential in advanced battery technology and energy storage devices due to its stability and ion exchange capabilities. Finds use in wastewater treatment due to its adsorption properties for removing anions and heavy metal ions. Applied in the development of corrosion-resistant coatings when incorporated into hybrid organic-inorganic films.