AZD3242 is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease. It functions as a selective and potent inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme implicated in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are key contributors to the progression of Parkinson's. By inhibiting MPO, AZD3242 aims to reduce inflammation and oxidative damage in the brain, potentially slowing disease progression and alleviating symptoms. Clinical trials have explored its safety, tolerability, and efficacy in patients, with a focus on its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways and protect neuronal health. Its development represents a promising approach to targeting the underlying mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders.