CAY10721, also known as MLN4924 (Pevonedistat), is a potent and selective inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE). It disrupts cullin-RING ligase activity by preventing NEDD8 conjugation, thereby affecting the NF-κB signaling pathway and other cellular processes. It is primarily utilized in research settings to study its effects on specific biological pathways, particularly those related to inflammation and immune responses. It is often employed in experimental studies to investigate its potential role in modulating cellular processes. Researchers use it to explore its impact on enzyme activity or signaling pathways, aiming to understand its therapeutic potential in conditions like autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory disorders, and cancers. Its application is largely confined to laboratory studies, where it serves as a tool to unravel molecular mechanisms and assess its efficacy in preclinical models.