Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in Friedel-Crafts acylations and alkylations, enabling the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in pharmaceutical and fine chemical production. Serves as a precursor in the synthesis of indium-containing materials for semiconductor applications, including transparent conductive oxides used in flat-panel displays and solar cells. Employed in electroplating baths to deposit indium metal or alloys for low-melting-point solders and corrosion-resistant coatings. Also utilized in research for preparing luminescent complexes and metal-organic frameworks.