Resiquimod is a synthetic small molecule and potent immunomodulatory agent primarily used in research and clinical investigations within dermatology and immunology. It has been studied for the treatment of various skin conditions, including actinic keratosis, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Its mechanism involves activating the immune system through stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR7 and TLR8), enhancing antiviral and antitumor responses. Resiquimod is actively explored in cancer immunotherapy to improve the immune system's targeting of cancer cells and as a vaccine adjuvant to boost vaccine efficacy. It is typically formulated as a topical cream or gel, with potential side effects including skin irritation or redness at the application site.