Peptidoglycan is widely used in immunology research to study the immune response in humans and animals. It serves as a key component in understanding how the immune system recognizes and combats bacterial infections. In vaccine development, peptidoglycan is utilized to enhance the immune response, acting as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of vaccines. Additionally, it is employed in microbiological studies to investigate bacterial cell wall structure and function, aiding in the development of antibiotics that target bacterial cell wall synthesis. Peptidoglycan also plays a role in diagnostics, where it is used to detect bacterial infections by identifying specific immune responses to this molecule.