Kdo2-Lipid A is primarily used in immunological research as a potent agonist of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. It is a key component in studying innate immune responses, as it mimics the activity of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are known to trigger strong immune reactions. Researchers utilize it to investigate the mechanisms of inflammation, sepsis, and other immune-related diseases. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in vaccine development, helping to enhance the understanding of adjuvants and their role in boosting immune responses. Its application extends to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting TLR4 signaling pathways in various diseases.