Used as a multifunctional ligand in coordination chemistry, enabling the formation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous coordination polymers with potential applications in gas storage and separation. Its rigid aromatic structure and nitrogen-rich binding sites enhance catalytic activity in transition metal complexes. Also investigated in luminescent materials and sensors due to its ability to chelate metal ions and stabilize excited states. Shows promise in supramolecular chemistry for constructing functional architectures through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions.