Used in fertilizer production to provide phosphorus essential for plant growth. Commonly employed in food and beverage industry as an acidulant, especially in colas, to impart tartness and act as a preservative. Utilized in rust removal and metal surface treatment due to its ability to convert iron oxide into protective coating. Applied in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching agent to prepare tooth surfaces for bonding. Also found in cleaning products for its descaling and chelating properties. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as an excipient or buffering agent in drug formulations.