Used in fertilizer production to convert insoluble phosphates into soluble forms that plants can absorb. Commonly applied in food and beverage industry as an acidulant to provide tartness, especially in colas and processed cheeses. Employed in rust removal and metal surface treatment due to its ability to react with iron oxides, forming a protective phosphate coating. Utilized in dentistry and orthodontics to etch tooth surfaces before applying sealants or adhesives. Also found in some cleaning products for its descaling and chelating properties.