Trilostane is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat Cushing's syndrome in dogs. It works by inhibiting the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, thereby blocking the production of cortisol, a hormone that, when overproduced, leads to symptoms such as excessive thirst, urination, and hair loss. By controlling cortisol levels, Trilostane helps alleviate these symptoms and improves the quality of life for affected animals.

In human medicine, Trilostane has been investigated for its potential to treat certain endocrine disorders, particularly those involving excessive cortisol production, such as Cushing's disease. Although its use in humans is less common and often considered off-label, it has shown promise in managing conditions where cortisol regulation is critical.

Additionally, Trilostane has been studied in the context of breast cancer treatment. Its ability to inhibit steroidogenesis makes it a candidate for reducing the production of hormones that may fuel certain types of hormone-dependent cancers. However, its application in this area remains experimental and is not yet widely adopted.