Used as a highly effective p-type dopant in organic semiconductors, particularly in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Enhances hole injection and conductivity in hole transport layers, improving device efficiency and lifetime. Commonly applied in high-performance electronic devices requiring stable and efficient charge generation. Also utilized in perovskite solar cells to improve interfacial contact and reduce energy losses. Its strong oxidizing nature makes it suitable for doping low ionization potential organic materials.