Used as a hole-transporting material in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It helps improve device efficiency by facilitating the movement of positive charges (holes) from the anode to the emissive layer. Commonly found in blue OLEDs due to its suitable energy levels and thermal stability. Also applied in organic photovoltaics and perovskite solar cells as an interfacial layer to enhance charge extraction and device performance. Its rigid aromatic structure contributes to high glass transition temperature, supporting stable thin-film formation.