Used in organic electronics, particularly in the development of hole-transport materials for perovskite solar cells. Its carbazole group provides good thermal stability and efficient hole mobility, making it suitable for enhancing device performance. Also employed as a building block in synthesizing polymers and dyes for optoelectronic applications. The carboxylic acid functionality allows for easy functionalization or anchoring to metal oxide surfaces, useful in dye-sensitized solar cells and sensors.