Used as a hole-transporting material in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and perovskite solar cells due to its high hole mobility and good thermal stability. Its molecular structure supports efficient charge transport and helps improve device efficiency and lifetime. Commonly employed in multilayer OLED architectures and as a key component in the active layer of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Also explored in photorefractive materials and organic photovoltaics for its excellent film-forming properties and energy level alignment.