Thioperamide maleate is primarily used in research settings to study the role of histamine receptors, particularly H3 and H4 receptors, in various physiological processes. It acts as a potent antagonist of these receptors, making it valuable for investigating their involvement in neurological and immune system functions. In neuroscience, it helps explore the regulation of neurotransmitter release, sleep-wake cycles, and cognitive functions. Additionally, it is utilized in immunological studies to understand histamine's role in inflammation and allergic responses. Its application extends to preclinical studies aiming to develop therapeutic agents for conditions like sleep disorders, cognitive impairments, and inflammatory diseases.