PX-478 2HCl is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy due to its ability to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α is a key protein that tumor cells overexpress in low-oxygen environments, promoting angiogenesis, metabolic adaptation, and resistance to treatment. By suppressing HIF-1α, PX-478 2HCl disrupts these survival mechanisms, making cancer cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy and radiation. It has shown promising activity in preclinical models of solid tumors, including glioblastoma, lung, and colon cancers. Researchers use PX-478 2HCl in experimental settings to study tumor metabolism, hypoxia response pathways, and as a candidate for combination therapies. Its application remains largely in the research and development phase, supporting oncology drug discovery and mechanistic studies in tumor biology.