Used as an electron-accepting material in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), particularly in small molecule and non-fullerene solar cells. Its extended π-conjugated structure enhances electron delocalization, improving charge transport and device efficiency. Commonly employed as a key component in active layers to achieve high open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency. Also explored in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) due to its n-type semiconductor behavior and good ambient stability. Its strong electron-withdrawing nitrile groups contribute to deep LUMO energy levels, making it suitable for air-stable electronic devices.