Used in the leather tanning industry to remove hair and excess tissue from animal hides during the liming process by breaking disulfide bonds in keratin.

Commonly applied in wastewater treatment to precipitate heavy metals as insoluble sulfides, aiding in pollution control.

Employed in the pulp and paper industry for the production of sulfide-based pulping chemicals, such as in the kraft process, to break down lignin in wood during delignification.

Utilized in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds and dyes.

Used in the textile industry as a reducing agent in vat dyeing processes to improve dye solubility and adhesion.

Also serves in mining operations for the flotation of certain metal ores by modifying surface properties of minerals.

Occasionally used in laboratory analysis for the detection and precipitation of heavy metals in samples.