Gelomulide A is primarily studied for its potential anticancer properties. It functions as a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), particularly HDAC6, which plays a key role in the regulation of protein acetylation and cellular processes such as cell division, apoptosis, and DNA repair. By inhibiting HDAC6, Gelomulide A induces accumulation of acetylated proteins, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Its high selectivity for HDAC6 makes it a valuable tool in oncology research, especially in studies focused on multiple myeloma, leukemia, and other hematological malignancies. Due to its natural origin and strong bioactivity, it is also used as a lead compound in the development of new HDAC-targeted therapeutics. Additionally, Gelomulide A serves as a molecular probe to investigate the biological roles of HDAC6 in cellular models, helping to elucidate pathways involved in tumor progression and resistance to therapy.