SB415286 is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), an enzyme involved in multiple signaling pathways including Wnt, insulin, and neurodevelopmental pathways. It is widely used in research to modulate GSK-3 activity, making it a valuable tool in studies related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, where GSK-3 overactivity is linked to tau protein hyperphosphorylation. In cancer research, SB415286 has been applied to investigate the role of GSK-3 in cell proliferation and apoptosis. By inhibiting GSK-3, it can stabilize β-catenin, thereby activating Wnt signaling, which helps in studying stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. It is also used in cellular reprogramming and regenerative medicine studies, where modulation of GSK-3 enhances the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cell generation. Due to its ability to cross cell membranes effectively, SB415286 is favored in cell-based assays requiring intracellular enzyme inhibition. Its application extends to diabetes research, where GSK-3 inhibition improves insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cellular models, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for insulin resistance.