Thiamet G is primarily used in research settings to study the role of O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification of proteins, in various biological processes. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase, the enzyme responsible for removing O-GlcNAc modifications from proteins. By inhibiting this enzyme, Thiamet G increases O-GlcNAc levels in cells, allowing researchers to investigate its impact on cellular functions, signaling pathways, and disease mechanisms. This compound has been particularly valuable in studying conditions such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, where O-GlcNAcylation is believed to play a critical role. Additionally, it has been used to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting O-GlcNAc pathways.