ALX 5407 hydrochloride is primarily utilized in neuroscience research due to its role as a selective and potent inhibitor of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). By blocking GlyT1, it increases glycine levels in the synaptic cleft, enhancing NMDA receptor function. This mechanism makes it valuable for studying conditions related to NMDA receptor hypofunction, such as schizophrenia, cognitive disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers use it to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting glycine modulation in the central nervous system. Its application is confined to preclinical studies, aiding in the understanding of neurotransmission and the development of novel treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders.