BI-409306 is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia and dementia. It is being studied for its role in enhancing cognitive function, where cognitive deficits are a significant challenge. The compound acts as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme PDE9A, which increases levels of cGMP in the brain, thereby improving neuronal communication and potentially aiding learning and memory processes. Clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate its efficacy and safety, with the aim of providing a new treatment option for patients suffering from cognitive dysfunction. Although further development was discontinued, BI-409306 remains available as a research reagent.