SDZ 220-581 is primarily utilized in neuroscience research due to its role as a potent and selective antagonist of the AMPA receptor. This receptor is crucial in mediating fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, making SDZ 220-581 a valuable tool for studying excitatory neurotransmission and its implications in various neurological conditions. Researchers employ this compound to investigate the mechanisms underlying excitotoxicity, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke. By blocking AMPA receptors, SDZ 220-581 helps elucidate the pathways involved in neuronal damage and protection, contributing to the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it is used in experimental models to explore synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory processes, providing insights into cognitive function and dysfunction.