Used primarily in research for its anxiolytic and potential antidepressant effects, fenobam has drawn interest for its action as a selective negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). This mechanism makes it a candidate for studying conditions such as anxiety disorders, fragile X syndrome, and addiction, particularly in preclinical models. Unlike benzodiazepines, fenobam does not act on GABA receptors, offering a different pathway for anxiety reduction without the risk of sedation or dependence. It has also been explored for its ability to modulate cocaine-seeking behavior and reduce drug relapse in animal studies. Though not marketed clinically, fenobam remains a valuable tool compound in neuroscience research.