Anamorelin hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of cancer cachexia, a condition characterized by severe weight loss, muscle wasting, and decreased appetite in patients with advanced cancer. It acts as a ghrelin receptor agonist, stimulating appetite and promoting weight gain by increasing muscle mass and body fat. This helps improve the quality of life and physical strength in patients undergoing cancer treatment. Additionally, it has been studied for its potential benefits in addressing malnutrition and muscle wasting in other chronic illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and end-stage renal disease. Its ability to enhance nutritional intake and body composition makes it a valuable therapeutic option in managing cachexia-related symptoms.