L-655708 is primarily used in research settings to study the role of GABA_A receptors in the central nervous system. It acts as a selective antagonist for the α5 subunit of these receptors, making it a valuable tool for understanding cognitive functions, memory processes, and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Researchers utilize it to explore potential therapeutic targets for enhancing cognitive performance or mitigating the effects of neurodegenerative conditions. Its specificity for the α5 subunit allows for precise investigation into the receptor's contribution to synaptic plasticity and learning mechanisms. Additionally, L-655708 is employed in preclinical studies to evaluate its effects on anxiety and depression, providing insights into the development of novel pharmacological treatments.