GSK-5959 is primarily used in pharmaceutical research as a potent and selective agonist for the P2Y14 receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor involved in immune cell signaling. Its main application lies in studying inflammatory and metabolic pathways, particularly in conditions like asthma, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Due to its ability to modulate immune responses through activation of the P2Y14 receptor, GSK-5959 serves as a valuable tool compound in preclinical studies to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting purinergic signaling. It is also used to investigate glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, making it relevant in diabetes research. The compound's selectivity enhances its utility in target validation and mechanistic studies without significant off-target effects.