Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and functional materials. Its aldehyde and carboxylic acid groups allow for versatile chemical modifications, making it valuable in constructing complex organic molecules. Commonly employed in the development of fluorescent dyes and sensors due to its conjugated structure that supports light absorption and emission. Also explored in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for catalysis and gas storage owing to its rigid backbone and ability to chelate metal ions. Its reactivity enables use in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in drug discovery pipelines for building bioactive compounds.