3-Phenylpropionic acid is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the production of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. It serves as a key intermediate in the manufacture of compounds like ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Additionally, it is utilized in the fragrance industry to create aromatic esters that contribute to perfumes and flavoring agents. In organic chemistry, it acts as a building block for synthesizing more complex molecules, including those used in agrochemicals and dyes. Its role in research and development is also significant, particularly in studies related to metabolic pathways and enzyme interactions.