Sodium perfluorooctanoate is primarily used as a surfactant in the production of fluoropolymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It helps in the polymerization process by stabilizing the emulsion and ensuring uniform particle size distribution. This chemical is also employed in the manufacturing of water- and oil-resistant coatings for textiles, carpets, paper products, and electronics to enhance resistance to moisture and chemicals. Additionally, it finds application in firefighting foams due to its ability to form a film that suppresses flammable liquid vapors. Its use in industrial cleaning agents, plastics and polymer processing to improve flow properties and stability, and in paints and coatings for better pigment dispersion and durability is notable for effectively reducing surface tension. However, its environmental and health impacts, as a per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), have led to increased regulatory scrutiny and a shift towards safer alternatives in many applications.