Used in bioimaging and fluorescence labeling due to its strong near-infrared fluorescence, enabling deep tissue imaging with reduced background autofluorescence. Commonly conjugated to biomolecules like antibodies, peptides, or nucleic acids for detection in assays such as flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and in vivo imaging. The carboxylic acid group allows for easy covalent attachment to amine-containing molecules using standard coupling chemistry like EDC/NHS activation. Suitable for multiplex labeling when combined with other fluorophores due to its distinct emission spectrum. Stable under physiological conditions, making it ideal for long-term tracking and real-time monitoring in live cells and animal models.