Used as a luminescent probe in DNA binding studies due to its strong affinity for duplex and G-quadruplex DNA structures. Its application spans bioanalytical chemistry and molecular biology, where it serves as a fluorescent sensor for detecting nucleic acid conformation changes. Also employed in photodynamic therapy research owing to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species upon light activation. Additionally, it acts as a photosensitizer in solar energy conversion systems and artificial photosynthesis setups, leveraging its long-lived excited states and efficient electron transfer properties.