Sodium ethylxanthogenate is primarily used in the mining industry as a flotation agent for the separation of sulfide ores, particularly copper, nickel, and zinc. It acts as a collector, selectively binding to the surface of metal sulfide particles, making them hydrophobic and allowing them to attach to air bubbles during the flotation process. This facilitates the efficient separation of valuable metals from waste rock.

In addition to mining, it is employed in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator, enhancing the cross-linking of rubber molecules to improve the strength and elasticity of rubber products. It also finds use in organic synthesis as a reagent for introducing the xanthate group into molecules, which can be further transformed into other functional groups.

However, due to its toxic and environmentally hazardous nature, its handling requires strict safety measures and proper disposal to minimize environmental impact.