Used primarily as a flame retardant in polymers, especially in unsaturated polyester resins for electrical enclosures, coatings, and laminates. Its high thermal stability and reactivity allow it to be incorporated into the polymer backbone, providing inherent flame resistance without migrating to the surface. Also utilized in the production of flame-retardant additives for plastics and synthetic rubbers. Due to its polycarboxylic structure, it can act as a crosslinking agent, enhancing the heat and chemical resistance of cured resins. Limited use in adhesives and sealants where improved fire performance is required.