FTI 277 HCl is primarily used in biochemical research to study the role of farnesyltransferase in cellular processes. It acts as a specific inhibitor of farnesyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the post-translational modification of proteins, particularly the Ras family of proteins. By inhibiting this enzyme, FTI 277 HCl helps researchers investigate the signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and survival. This compound is particularly valuable in cancer research, as it aids in understanding the mechanisms of oncogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies targeting Ras-driven cancers. Additionally, it is used to explore the effects of protein farnesylation in other diseases, such as progeria and cardiovascular disorders.