Used primarily in the semiconductor industry for etching silicon wafers due to its ability to dissolve glass and silicon compounds. Widely applied in petroleum refining to promote alkylation reactions that enhance octane ratings in gasoline. Employed in metal cleaning and pickling processes to remove oxides and scale from stainless steel and other alloys. Utilized in the production of fluorocarbons and refrigerants as a fluorinating agent. Also found in household rust removers and concrete cleaners for its effectiveness in dissolving mineral deposits. Requires extreme handling caution due to high toxicity and deep tissue penetration, even in diluted forms.