Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are widely utilized in biochemical research and medical applications due to their role in detoxification and cellular defense mechanisms. These enzymes are essential in the metabolism of xenobiotics, facilitating the conjugation of glutathione to toxic compounds, making them more water-soluble and easier to excrete from the body. This property is particularly valuable in studying drug metabolism and designing pharmaceuticals with improved safety profiles.

In clinical diagnostics, GSTs serve as biomarkers for certain diseases, such as liver damage or cancer, as their levels can indicate cellular stress or injury. Additionally, GSTs are employed in biotechnology as fusion tags in protein purification processes. By attaching GST to a target protein, researchers can easily isolate and purify the protein using affinity chromatography, simplifying the study of protein structure and function.

Moreover, GSTs are explored in environmental science for bioremediation purposes, as they can degrade harmful pollutants and pesticides, contributing to cleaner ecosystems. Their versatile applications make them a crucial tool in both scientific and industrial fields.