hDHODH-IN-1 is primarily used in biochemical research to study the inhibition of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), an enzyme involved in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Its application is significant in the development of potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, where modulating immune cell proliferation is crucial. Additionally, it serves as a tool compound in cancer research, as inhibiting hDHODH can disrupt the rapid DNA synthesis required by proliferating cancer cells. Researchers also utilize hDHODH-IN-1 to explore its antiviral properties, particularly in targeting viruses that rely on host pyrimidine biosynthesis for replication. Its role in these areas highlights its importance in advancing drug discovery and understanding disease mechanisms.