Oxythiamine chloride hydrochloride is primarily used in research settings to study thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and its metabolic effects. It acts as a thiamine antagonist, inhibiting thiamine-dependent enzymes, which helps researchers understand the role of thiamine in cellular processes. This compound is particularly useful in investigating conditions like beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which are linked to thiamine deficiency. Additionally, it is employed in biochemical studies to explore the metabolic pathways involving carbohydrates and amino acids, providing insights into energy metabolism and neurological function. Its application extends to experimental models where thiamine deficiency is induced to study its impact on various organ systems.