Pyrithiamine hydrobromide is primarily used in research settings to study thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and its metabolic effects. It acts as a thiamine antagonist, inhibiting thiamine-dependent enzymes, which makes it a valuable tool for mimicking thiamine deficiency in experimental models. This helps researchers understand the physiological and pathological consequences of thiamine deficiency, such as neurological disorders and metabolic dysfunctions. Additionally, it is utilized in studies exploring the role of thiamine in cellular processes, including energy metabolism and neuronal function. Its application extends to investigating potential therapeutic strategies for conditions linked to thiamine deficiency.