Febuxostat is primarily used in the treatment of chronic hyperuricemia in patients with gout. It works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which plays a key role in the production of uric acid. By reducing uric acid levels in the blood, it helps prevent the formation of urate crystals that cause gout symptoms such as joint pain, inflammation, and swelling. It is particularly prescribed for patients who cannot tolerate or have not responded well to allopurinol, another common medication for gout. Febuxostat is also used in managing conditions associated with elevated uric acid levels, such as kidney stones or tumor lysis syndrome. It is typically taken orally and requires regular monitoring of uric acid levels to ensure effective treatment and minimize potential side effects.