Rolipram is primarily known for its application as a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. It has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic effects in treating various inflammatory and neurological conditions. In research, Rolipram is used to investigate its anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and rheumatoid arthritis, where PDE4 inhibition can reduce inflammation.

Additionally, Rolipram has shown promise in preclinical studies for its neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects. It is being explored for its potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and depression. The compound's ability to modulate cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in the brain may contribute to improved memory and mood regulation.

Rolipram is also utilized in scientific studies to understand the role of PDE4 in cellular signaling pathways, providing insights into the mechanisms of various diseases and potential drug targets. Its application in experimental models helps advance the development of new therapeutic strategies for complex medical conditions.