Splitomicin is primarily used in biochemical and genetic research as a selective inhibitor of sirtuin enzymes, particularly SIRT1. It modulates cellular processes linked to aging, gene silencing, and metabolic regulation by interfering with NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity. Due to its ability to influence lifespan pathways in model organisms, it serves as a tool compound for studying aging and age-related diseases. Splitomicin also shows antifungal properties and has been explored for its potential in controlling fungal pathogens in agricultural settings. Its role in epigenetic research makes it valuable for probing chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation mechanisms.