RNase L-IN-2 is a selective inhibitor of RNase L, an enzyme involved in the innate immune response. It is primarily used in research to modulate the activity of the 2-5A/RNase L pathway, which plays a role in antiviral defense and apoptosis. By inhibiting RNase L, this compound helps scientists study viral replication mechanisms, interferon signaling, and cellular responses to double-stranded RNA. It has been applied in studies related to prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome, where dysregulation of the RNase L pathway has been observed. Its use enables targeted investigation into how suppression of RNase L affects cell survival, inflammation, and pathogen resistance in experimental models.