PQ 401 is primarily used in research settings as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). This inhibition helps increase levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and protective effects in various tissues. It is investigated for its potential in treating neuropathic pain, as it modulates pain pathways without the side effects associated with opioids. Studies also explore its role in reducing inflammation in conditions like arthritis and in protecting against organ damage in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, PQ 401 is valuable in central nervous system-related research, particularly in models of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.