NMS-P937 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which plays a key role in DNA repair mechanisms. It is primarily investigated for its use in cancer therapy, especially in tumors with deficiencies in homologous recombination repair pathways, such as those with BRCA1 or BR2 mutations. By inhibiting PARP1, NMS-P937 induces synthetic lethality in these cancer cells, leading to accumulation of DNA damage and cell death. The compound has shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical models of ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers. It is designed to have improved pharmacokinetic properties and blood-brain barrier penetration compared to earlier PARP inhibitors, which may extend its utility to central nervous system malignancies or brain metastases. NMS-P937 is used in research settings to explore novel combination therapies, including with chemotherapy, radiation, or other targeted agents like immune checkpoint inhibitors, to enhance treatment efficacy.