JIB-04 is a small molecule inhibitor primarily studied for its role in cancer research. It targets histone demethylases, specifically the Jumonji family, which are enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. By inhibiting these enzymes, JIB-04 can alter the expression of genes associated with tumor growth and metastasis. It has shown promising activity in preclinical studies against various cancer types, including lung, breast, and prostate cancers, by suppressing tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, JIB-04 demonstrates the ability to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting potential use in preventing metastasis. Due to its epigenetic mechanism, JIB-04 is also used as a research tool to study the role of histone methylation in cellular processes and disease models. Its selectivity and cell permeability make it valuable in probing the biological functions of Jumonji-domain-containing proteins.