JZL184 is primarily used in scientific research to study the endocannabinoid system, specifically as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). By inhibiting MAGL, JZL184 increases levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), a major endocannabinoid, in the brain and peripheral tissues. This action allows researchers to investigate the role of 2-AG in processes such as pain modulation, inflammation, anxiety, and neurodegeneration. It has been applied in preclinical models to explore potential therapeutic strategies for conditions like chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, and neuroinflammatory diseases. Due to its ability to modulate cannabinoid receptor signaling indirectly, JZL184 helps differentiate the effects of elevated endocannabinoids from those of direct cannabinoid receptor agonists. It is not used clinically and remains a tool compound for pharmacological and neurochemical studies.